文化景观的价值回归与保护——以庐山国家公园三十年实践为例

Reassessing Values and Conserving Cultural Landscapes: Three Decades Case Study of Lushan National Park

摘要:

以中国首个世界文化景观遗产庐山国家公园为例，系统分析了其在遗产认知、管理机制、保护策略的演变过程。通过文献梳理与案例分析，将庐山的保护实践，置于国际、国内文化景观理论演进和实践中加以审视。结果表明，庐山的保护实践，经历了从早期基于风景名胜区管理思维的遗产价值认知的错位，逐步转向以人地互动为核心的整体性、系统性保护。这一变化，依赖于遗产价值认知的重构、管理机构的重组以及分级治理策略的构建。研究表明，文化景观的有效保护，取决于对其核心价值标准的把握，多元遗产要素的有效管理更依赖跨部门管理的协同。庐山实践回应了遗产保护领域的发展要求，为大型文化景观的保护管理提供了参考依据。

Abstract:

Taking Lushan, China's first World Heritage cultural landscape, as a case study, this paper systematically analyzes the evolution of the recognition of its heritage values, management mechanisms, and conservation strategies. Through literature review and case analysis, the study situates Lushan's conservation practices within the broader theoretical evolution and practical development of cultural landscapes both internationally and domestically. The findings indicate that Lushan's conservation practices have undergone a transition from an early misalignment in heritage value recognition—rooted in the management mindset of scenic and historic areas—toward a holistic and systematic approach centered on human–land interaction. This transformation has been enabled by the reconceptualization of heritage values, the restructuring of management institutions, and the establishment of a tiered governance strategy. The study demonstrates that effective conservation of cultural landscapes depends on clear understanding of their defining heritage values, while the effective management of diverse heritage elements requires coordination across management sectors. The Lushan experience responds to the evolving demands of the heritage conservation field and provides a reference for the protection and management of other large-scale cultural landscapes.