基于微生物主导的最小数据集的湿地土壤质量精准评价——以深圳福田红树林为例

Precision Assessment of Wetland Soil Quality Using a Microbial-dominated Minimum Dataset: A Case Study of the Futian Mangrove in Shenzhen

摘要:

为探究工程改造对红树林土壤质量的短期效应及生物机制，以广东内伶仃福田国家级自然保护区内7 块红树林湿地为研究对象，通过主成分分析构建最小数据集（MDS），对比传统理化指标的土壤质量指数与整合微生物指标的土壤质量指数。结果表明：未改造样地土壤质量显著优于改造样地；基于最小数据集的土壤质量指数（SQI-M）与基于全数据集的土壤质量指数（SQI-T）呈显著正相关，验证了MDS 可用于该区域土壤质量评价；SQI-T 能有效识别土壤退化风险，对50% 的样点进行降级修正，避免功能被高估；“涵管连通+ 生石灰清塘”措施恢复效果最佳，能有效缓解碱性胁迫、补充碳源与种源。研究证实，微生物群落特征是红树林湿地土壤质量评价不可或缺的生物指标，SQI-T 能精准评估生态修复效应，提供了低成本高效益的监测框架。

Abstract:

To investigate the short-term effects and biological mechanisms of engineering modifications on mangrove soil quality, this study examined seven mangrove wetland plots within the Guangdong Neilingding Futian National Nature Reserve. Principal component analysis was used to construct a minimum dataset (MDS) and the soil quality index based on traditional physicochemical indicators was compared with the soil quality index based on integrated microbial indicators. The results indicate that soil quality in unmodified plots was significantly superior to that in modified plots; the soil quality index based on the minimal dataset (SQI-M) showed a significant positive correlation with the soil quality index based on the full dataset (SQI-T), validating the applicability of MDS for soil quality assessment in this region; SQI-T effectively identified soil degradation risks, downgrading 50% of the sample sites to avoid overestimating their functionality; The 'culvert connectivity + slow-release lime' measure yielded the best restoration results, effectively alleviating alkaline stress and supplementing carbon and seed sources. The study confirmed that microbial community characteristics are indispensable biological indicators for evaluating mangrove wetland soil quality, and that SQI-T can accurately assess ecological restoration effects, providing a low-cost, high-benefit monitoring framework.