基于实践的研究——目的、方法与倡议

Practice-Based Research Now: Purpose, Approach, and a Proposition

摘要:

越来越多的设计事务所正在开展超越单一项目范畴的研究活动，即使是大型成熟的事务所也在寻求以更正式、更有意义的方式将研究融入实践。目前，风景园林领域研究与专业实践之间的复杂关系，以及研究在设计事务所中所扮演的角色，正日益成为学术界与实践界共同讨论的热点。研究通过多种方式为该议题和知识体系贡献见解：首先，作者通过感性的个人陈述，探讨了研究在实践中的目的和重要性；其次，通过对21 家设计事务所的访谈和调查，总结其研究方法，并为希望投入研究工作的事务所提供切实可行的建议；最后，面向风景园林学科发出倡议与行动号召。综合而言，这些贡献证实并进一步阐明了风景园林事务所如何实行创造性和多样化的研究模式，包括高资源投入、配备专职研究人员、分散式、设立专项等模式。文章描述了2 种新的研究动机和2 种新的实践研究模式，以及相应的新驱动因素、机制、方法和成果，最后提出扩大实践研究范围并加强其与学术界联系的建议，同时邀请大家围绕实践研究展开进一步的对话和共建工作。

Abstract:

A small but growing number of design firms are pursuing research activities that extend beyond project-based work, and even large and established firms are seeking new ways to integrate research more formally, and more meaningfully, into their practice. Now experiencing a moment of particular momentum, the complex relationship between research and professional practice in landscape architecture, and the role of research in professional design offices, has increasingly figured in discussions in academic literature and popular forums. This article contributes to this dialogue and body of knowledge by several means: first, through impassioned, personal statements from the authors about the purpose and importance of research in practice; second, through interviews and surveys with 21 design firms about their approaches, accompanied by practical advice for firms seeking to enhance their research efforts; and finally, through a proposition and practical orientation, extracts theories and design rationales through comprehensive analyses of projects. The discussion suggests that the three pathways are not isolated from one another in actual operation, but overlap across project-based research, methodological innovation, and experience synthesis, and require open and collaborative platform-building to continuously advance disciplinary knowledge production. call to action from the authors addressed to the discipline of landscape architecture. Collectively, these contributions confirm and shed further light on how professional landscape architecture firms are utilizing creative and diverse models for research, from significant resource commitments and dedicated staff to decentralized models and oneoff, opportunistic efforts. Two new primary motivations and two new models for research in practice are described, along with new drivers, mechanisms, approaches, and outcomes. The article concludes with the authors' proposition for what is needed to expand research in practice and strengthen its connections to academia, extending an invitation for further dialogue and community-building around practice-based research.