广州海珠国家湿地公园二期草本植物资源调查及观赏性评价

Survey and Ornamental Evaluation of Herbaceous Plant Resources in Guangzhou Haizhu National Wetland Park Phase II

摘要:

草本植物是兼具生态适应性、低维护特性与丰富季相的优良植物材料，调查评价草本植物资源对丰富城乡绿化具有重要的意义与价值。广州海珠国家湿地公园是全国特大城市中心区规模最大、保存最完整的城央湿地生态系统，为乡土植物保育、入侵物种防控等前沿研究提供了天然场所，具有多重核心地位与重要性。为进一步挖掘海珠湿地二期草本植物的观赏价值，对现有草本植物资源进行调查，共记录草本植物72 种，分属禾本科、莎草科、菊科等21 科51 属。其中，禾本科占比最大，共21 属31 种，占全部种类的43.06%。从72 种草本植物中筛选出33 种更具观赏价值的种类，应用灰色关联度分析方法，根据叶形、叶色、斑纹或条纹、花序颜色、整株美感5 个评价指标进行观赏性评价。结果表明，关联度高于0.80的草本植物共13种，占总数的39.39%，如吊竹梅Tradescantia zebrina、花叶芦竹Arundo donax‘Versicolor’、锦绣苋Alternanthera bettzickiana等。根据关联度越高，观赏价值越高的原则可知，吊竹梅、花叶芦竹、锦绣苋、梭鱼草Pontederia cordata、轮叶离药草Stemodia verticillata等具有较高观赏价值，可作为优良观赏草本植物优先在园林中应用。

Abstract:

Herbaceous plants serve as excellent plant materials that combine ecological adaptability, low maintenance requirements, and rich seasonal variations. Conducting surveys and evaluations of herbaceous plant resources holds significant importance and value for enriching urban and rural greening. Guangzhou Haizhu National Wetland Park represents the largest and best-preserved urban wetland ecosystem within the central district of a supercity in China. It provides a natural setting for cutting-edge research in native plant conservation and invasive species control, holding multiple core statuses and importance. To further explore the ornamental value of grass resources of herbaceous plants in Haizhu Wetland Park Phase II, this study surveyed existing herbaceous resources, documenting 72 species across 51 genera and 21 families, including Poaceae, Cyperaceae, and Asteraceae. The Poaceae family accounted for the largest proportion, comprising 21 genera and 31 species, representing 43.06% of all recorded species. Among the 72 herbaceous species, 33 with higher ornamental value were selected. The gray correlation analysis method was applied to evaluate their ornamental qualities based on five criteria: leaf shape, leaf color, leaf patterns or stripes, inflorescence color, and stem color. The results indicate that 13 species (39.39% of the total) exhibit a correlation coefficient exceeding 0.80, including Tradescantia zebrina, Arundo donax ‘Versicolor’, and Alternanthera bettzickiana . Based on the principle that higher correlation indicates greater ornamental value, species such as Tradescantia zebrina, Arundo donax ‘Versicolor’, Alternanthera bettzickiana, Pontederia cordata, and Stemodia verticillata possess high ornamental value and can be prioritized for use in landscaping as excellent ornamental herbaceous plants.