Abstract:Zhang's Garden, a private estate built by Zhang Zhongqiu in the late Qing and early Republican period, was regarded as one of the most distinguished gardens in Macau at the time. Characterized by pronounced temporal features and strong regional identity in its design and construction, the garden holds significant cultural and historical value; however, to date, research specifically addressing its garden-making artistry remains scarce. Drawing on historical sources such as Yinshu Yuan Qijiu Huitu Ji and Ti Zhang Zhongqiu Mingjing , this study adopts 'path' and 'map' perspectives and integrates multiple lines of evidence, including historical satellite imagery and on-site remains, to reconstruct the overall spatial layout and to examine its design intentions, scenographic characteristics, and garden–dwelling activities. The results indicate that Zhang's Garden covered approximately 0.7 ha and exhibited an irregular wedge-shaped plan. Centered on a Buddhist hall, the garden linked key nodes—namely the residential quarters, the Tao Society, a square pond, a long bridge, and a chrysanthemum hedge—into a sequential spatial experience following a 'qi-cheng-zhuan-he' (initiation - development - transition - closure) structure, reflecting the owner's aesthetic pursuit of 'seeking plainness through scenery' and a syncretic worldview that integrates Confucian and Buddhist thought.
