Abstract:To clarify the current status of butterfly resources in Baiyun Mountain Scenic Area,Guangzhou, a line transect survey was conducted throughout 2024. A total of 2 494butterflies were recorded, belonging to 73 species, 51 genera, and 5 families. Nymphalidae(33 species, richness index 4.798) was the dominant family, while Junonia iphita (433individuals) was the dominant species. The butterfly population exhibited distinct seasonalfluctuations: the number of species (23 species) and richness index reached their annualminima in winter, while both indicators peaked in summer with 54 species recorded. Theevergreen broad-leaved shrubland habitat, characterized by rich vegetation coverage andmoderate human disturbance, harbored the most abundant butterfly resources. In contrast,the evergreen broad-leaved forest habitat, featured by sparse vegetation and intensehuman interference, had the fewest butterfly species, along with low diversity and richness.The butterfly fauna comprised 17 distribution types with the 'South China-Central China-Southwest China' pattern dominating. Based on the survey results, it is suggested thatmeasures such as constructing a 'core-buffer' protection system, establishing a long-termmonitoring mechanism, and balancing ecological conservation with tourism developmentshould be implemented. These efforts aim to increase vegetation richness, regulatehuman disturbance, and further strengthen the protection of butterfly biodiversity and theecological barrier function of Baiyun Mountain.
