“摩羯”台风灾后琼北城镇古树的受损评价及其抗风性分析

Evaluation of Damage to Ancient Trees in Northern Hainan Towns Post-Typhoon Yagi and Analysis of Their Wind Resistance

摘要:

为进一步强化琼北地区古树的日常精细化养护与台风灾害前置防控管理，聚焦海南文昌市、澄迈县的古树资源，系统探究其在台风影响下的受损特征及抗风性能。研究通过实地调查，结合层次分析法构建台风灾后古树受损评价体系，并采用斯皮尔曼相关系数评估古树自身指标与抗风性的关系。结果表明：古树总体受损率为56.63%，树势、倾斜程度和根系裸露损伤面积是影响受损程度的主要因素；古树健康值与树龄、树高、冠幅呈负相关，与海拔呈正相关，与胸径无显著相关；按各指标与古树健康值的相关强度排序，从高到低依次为树高、冠幅、海拔、树龄、胸径；按树种抗风性得分排序，由强到弱依次为见血封喉Antiaris toxicaria、垂叶榕Ficus benjamina、高山榕Ficus altissima、榕树Ficus microcarpa、雅榕Ficus concinna。最后提出修枝整形、加固支撑、加强日常监测及养护、建立风险评估体系等建议。

Abstract:

To further enhance the refined daily conservation of ancient trees in northern Hainan and the pre-disaster management of typhoon impacts, this study focuses on the ancient tree resources in Wenchang City and Chengmai County, Hainan Province, systematically investigating their damage characteristics and wind resistance during typhoons. Using field investigations and the analytic hierarchy process (AHP), a post-typhoon damage assessment system for ancient trees was established, and the Spearman correlation coefficient was applied to evaluate the relationship between intrinsic tree indicators and wind resistance. Results indicated that the overall damage rate for ancient trees was 56.63%, with tree vigour, tilt degree, and root exposure area as the primary factors influencing the extent of damage. Tree health value was negatively correlated with tree age, height, and crown width, positively correlated with altitude, and was not significantly correlated with diameter at breast height (DBH). The indicators, ranked by their correlation strength with tree health value, were: tree height, crown width, altitude, tree age, and DBH. The wind resistance of tree species, ranked from strongest to weakest, was: Antiaris toxicaria, Ficus benjamina, Ficus altissima, Ficus microcarpa, and Ficus concinna. Based on these findings, recommendations such as pruning and shaping, structural support and reinforcement, enhanced daily monitoring and maintenance, and the establishment of a risk assessment system were proposed.