基于ENVI-met热舒适度模拟的热带传统院落空间选型研究

Research on Spatial Configuration of Tropical Traditional Courtyards Using ENVI-met Thermal Comfort Simulation

摘要:

为探究湿热地区热带传统院落生态营造智慧的最优空间形态，以热舒适度为微气候环境评价的关键性指标，选取海口市具有火山石地域特色的国家级传统古村落三卿村的2 种典型传统民居院落空间作为研究对象，通过实地调研与ENVI-met 数值模拟方法，分析院落空间形态进深变化与微气候、热舒适的关系，以确定高舒适度的院落形态。结果表明：随着进深增加，一字型与L 型院落空间的热舒适度提升，具体表现为空气温度降低，相对湿度与风速提高；进深减小则呈现相反的变化趋势。当进深为8 m 时，院落空间的热舒适度达到最佳水平，且一字型院落热舒适度优于L 型院落。基于此，建议院落以微气候优化与空间舒适性能提升为设计基准，并提出科学合理布置院落空间植物、设置镂空景墙通风等优化策略。

Abstract:

To identify the optimal spatial form of tropical traditional courtyards in hot-humid regions, thermal comfort was employed as the key indicator for microclimate evaluation. Two typical courtyard types from Sanqing Village, a nationally recognized traditional ancient village in Haikou City, were selected for analysis. Using field surveys and ENVI-met numerical simulations, this study examined the relationship among courtyard depth, microclimate parameters, and thermal comfort to identify highly comfortable courtyard configurations. Results show that increasing courtyard depth significantly improves thermal comfort by lowering air temperature, increasing relative humidity, and enhancing wind speed, while decreasing depth produces opposite trends. Optimal thermal comfort was achieved at a courtyard depth of 8 meters, with linear courtyards outperforming L-shaped ones. Based on these findings, design strategies are recommended to optimize courtyard microclimates, including strategic vegetation placement and the use of perforated landscape walls to enhance ventilation and thermal performance.