汕头市潮南区古树资源特征和威胁因子分析

Characteristics and Threats to Ancient Trees in Chaonan District, Shantou

摘要:

以汕头市潮南区古树为研究对象，分析其资源特征和面临的威胁因子，为粤东地区古树保护提供数据支撑。结果表明：潮南区共有古树141 株，隶属于15 科16 属16 种，优势树种为榕树Ficus microcarpa；一、二、三级古树分别有5、11、125 株，树龄呈金字塔结构分布，平均树龄为193 a，最大龄古树为破布木Cordia dichotoma，约700 a；平均树高、胸径和冠幅分别为14.45 m、392.86 cm、16.83 m。潮南区11 个镇（街道）均有古树分布，呈聚集型分布特征，在北部（峡山街道）和西南部（红场镇）形成3 个高密度聚集区，密度最高为1.32 株/km²。古树总体长势和生长环境良好，但有8 个街道存在生长环境中等和较差的古树，主干或分枝木质部受损腐烂以及树基周围硬底化是主要的威胁因子。建议加强古树后备资源的培养和日常管护工作。

Abstract:

This study investigates the characteristics and threats to ancient trees in Chaonan District, Shantou, aiming to provide data support for their conservation in eastern Guangdong. A total of 141 ancient trees were identified, belonging to 15 families, 16 genera, and 16 species. The dominant species is Ficus microcarpa. Grade Ⅰ , Ⅱ , and Ⅲ trees number 5, 11, and 125, respectively. The age structure exhibits a pyramidal pattern, with an average age of 193 years and the oldest tree, Cordia dichotoma, estimated at 700 years. The average height, diameter at breast height, and crown width are 14.45 m, 392.86 cm, and 16.83 m, respectively. All 11 towns (streets) host ancient trees, forming three high-density clusters in the north (Xiashan Street) and the southwest (Hongchang Town), with a maximum density of 1.32 trees/km². Most trees exhibit good vitality and habitat quality. However, 8 towns have ancient trees with 'medium' and 'poor' growth environments; damage and rot of trunk or branch and hardness around the tree base are the main threat factors. The study recommends enhancing the cultivation and management of backup resources and strengthening daily maintenance and conservation efforts.