瑞典国家公园体系的历程、发展及启示

The Evolution, Development, and Insights of the Swedish National Park System

摘要:

瑞典国家公园历史悠久，注重自然保护与可持续发展平衡，倡导生态旅游，重视社区参与，其经验对存在发展与保护冲突的中国国家公园具有重要价值。以瑞典国家公园为对象，从发展历程、分类体系、法律保障、设施管理等方面，系统梳理瑞典国家公园的建设、运营与管理模式。最后，基于瑞典国家公园在动态监测网络、人类活动管控、社会参与机制3 个方面的适应性管理的探索与实践，提出法治体系动态协同、科学监测动态适应、协同治理持续发展，社区共治生态共赢4项中国国家公园体系建设建议，构建富有中国特色的国家公园管理方式。

Abstract:

Sweden's national parks have a long history. They have emphasized the balance between nature conservation and sustainable development, advocated ecotourism, and strongly emphasized community participation. Their experience is of great value for China's national parks, which have conflicts between development and conservation. This article takes the national parks of Sweden as the research object and conducts an in-depth and systematic review of their construction, operation, and management models from aspects such as development history, classification system, legal guarantee and facility management. Finally, based on the exploration and practice of suitability control in three aspects of the dynamic monitoring network, human activity control, and social participation mechanism of Swedish national parks, it offers four recommendations for China's emerging national park system: dynamic legal coordination, adaptative scientific monitoring, sustained collaborative governance, and co-management with local communities.These findings contribute to the development of a context-specific, resilient national park governance model with Chinese characteristics.