迁都背景下的自然保护地生态风险解析：以婆罗洲为例

Ecological Risks to Protected Areas under Capital Relocation: A Case Study of Borneo

摘要:

婆罗洲是全球生物多样性热点和重要的碳汇区，对气候调节和生物多样性保护具有不可替代的作用。2019 年，印度尼西亚将首都迁至婆罗洲的努山塔拉，加剧了该区域的生态碎片化，削弱了碳汇功能。以印度尼西亚迁都为切入点，结合遥感分析数据、森林生物量监测等方法，分析婆罗洲 自然保护区的现状、土地利用变化及森林生物量。研究发现，迁都加剧了努山塔拉地区的土地利用变化，使周边保护区地表森林生物量显著下降，揭示出区域森林生态系统对人为干扰的高度敏 感性，也暴露了生态管理的缺陷与挑战。最后基于巴西、澳大利亚和缅甸的迁都案例与研究成果，针对性地提出了优化环境评估机制，构建分级缓解框架，提升自然保护地连通性，及推动绿色基础设施建设等多层次策略。

Abstract:

Borneo is a global biodiversity hotspot and an essential carbon sink, playing a critical role in climate regulation and ecological conservation. In 2019, Indonesia announced the relocation of its capital to Nusantara, located in Borneo, intensifying ecological fragmentation and weakening regional carbon storage capacity. This study investigates the ecological risks faced by protected areas in Borneo under the capital relocation context. By integrating remote sensing data and forest biomass monitoring, it analyzes the current status, land use changes, and forest biomass of Borneo's protected areas. Findings reveal significant forest loss and increased construction land around the new capital site, resulting in declining surface biomass in nearby reserves and exposing their vulnerability to anthropogenic disturbance. Drawing on capital relocation experiences from Brazil, Australia, and Myanmar, the study proposes multi-level strategies, including optimizing environmental assessment mechanisms, establishing hierarchical mitigation framework, enhancing the connectivity of protected areas, and promoting the development of green infrastructure.