广州兰圃园林植物多样性探究

Assessing Plant Diversity in Canton Orchid Garden

摘要:

园林植物种类丰富是岭南园林的重要特点。广州兰圃是近现代岭南园林代表作，研究其园林植物多样性具有重要的指导意义。通过实地调查和数据分析发现：兰圃园林植物共 208 种，其中以乔木居多，其种数占植物总种数的 52.40%。兰圃的乡土树种与外来树种并重，乡土树种占比54.81%。兰圃的园林植物以观花和观果为主，其中观花植物共 64 种，观果植物 31 种，花期集中于夏季，果期集中于秋季。结合重要值、相对显著度和相对多度，判断兰圃观赏骨干乔木为樟Camphora officinarum、木棉Bombax ceiba等，基调乔木为短穗鱼尾葵Caryota mitis、幌伞枫Heteropanax fragrans等。兰圃植物应用体现了 20 世纪 50 年代至改革开放初期的时代性特征，总体呈现了花果繁茂、冠大荫浓、具有热带风情的景观基调。

Abstract:

The rich diversity of garden plants is an important characteristic of Lingnan gardens. As a typical representative work of modern Lingnan gardens, studying the diversity of garden plants in Canton Orchid Garden has important guiding significance. The following conclusions were drawn through field investigation and data analysis in this article: The garden plants contained 208 documented species in Canton Orchid Garden, of which arbours are the majority, accounting for 52.40% of the total number of plants. The source of tree species in the orchid garden showed that native trees and exotic trees were equally important, and native plants accounted for 54.81%. The garden plants in Canton Orchid Garden are mainly for flower and fruit observation, including 64 species for flower observation and 31 species for fruit observation. The flowering period is concentrated in summer and the fruit period is concentrated in autumn. Based on the combination of importance values, relative significance, and relative abundance, the backbone ornamental trees in the Canton Orchid Garden are identifies as Camphora officinarum, Bombax ceiba, etc., while the basal trees are Caryota mitis , Heteropanax fragrans , etc. The extensive , application of these plants in Canton Orchid Garden reflected characteristics of the times from the 1950s to the early stage of reform and opening up, and generally presents the landscape keynote of lush flowers and fruits, big crown and thick shade, and tropical style.