20 世纪初期的圆明园研究——以美国学者马隆的考察与著述为例

Research on the Yuanmingyuan Garden in the Early Twentieth Century: Based on the Examination and Writings of American Scholar Malone

摘要:

20 世纪初西方学界涌现一批中国园林研究论著，美国学者卡罗尔·布朗·马隆的《清代北京夏宫史》是首部以圆明园为核心的专题史研究。为剖析其研究材料、方法及重点，明晰该研究的历史价值，综合相关文献资料，梳理马隆的职业生涯与在华行迹，对比其著作与喜龙仁的《中国园林》在研 究材料及方法上的异同；并使用 ROST CM6 和微词云软件探究马隆的研究关注点，分析其背后成因。研究发现，马隆以历史学、政治学、建筑学等多学科综合视角，结合文献、田野考察和口述三重史料，对清代北京皇家园林营造史进行纵向梳理，特别关注园林建筑特征、相关历史人物、政治和社会因素。最后总结马隆的研究具有注重田野考察与事实考证、通过深层探索追溯本源的特征，但因客观条件限制，其部分结论存在偏差。

Abstract:

Numerous studies of Chinese gardens began to appear in Western academia at the turn of the 20th century. The first to concentrate on the Yuanmingyuan Garden was the American historian Carroll Brown Malone's History of the Peking Summer Palaces under the Ch'ing Dynasty. The Yuanmingyuan Garden was the subject of the first thematic historical research. This paper synthesized pertinent literature, sorted out Malone's career and documentation in China, compared the similarities and differences in research materials and methods between his work and Osvald Siren's Gardens of China, and examined Malone's research focuses and motivations using the software ROST CM6 and Microwords Cloud in order to analyze the research materials, methods, and focuses and to shed light on the study's historical significance. In order to vertically sort out the history of the creation of the royal gardens in Beijing during the Qing Dynasty, Malone used a multidisciplinary and comprehensive perspective of history, political science, and architecture. This is achieved by combining literature, fieldwork, and oral triple historical materials. Malone focused on the architectural features of the gardens, the political and social factors, and the relevant historical figures. Ultimately, it was determined that while Malone's research focuses on fieldwork and factual evidence, as well as tracing the genesis through in-depth investigation, some of its results were prejudiced because of the objective conditions.