石井净水厂 8 种湿地植物的净化和固碳功能研究

Research on Purification and Carbon Fixation Functions of 8 Kinds of Wetland Plants in Shijing Water Treatment Plant

摘要:

为掌握不同湿地水生植物在人工湿地中的净化和固碳能力，对广州市石井净水厂人工湿地中8种植物、土壤和水质进行取样分析。结果显示，石井净水厂水质优良，土壤营养元素丰富，重金属含量低。其植物元素富集能力分析表明，睡莲Nymphaea tetragona、苦草Vallisneria natans、美人蕉Canna indica、黑藻Hydrilla verticillata、梭鱼草Pontederia cordata对氮元素富集能力较强；苦草、睡莲对磷元素富集能力较强；美人蕉和梭鱼草对钾元素富集能力较强。 综合植物单株尺度与单位面积尺度分析可知，美人蕉、水竹芋Thalia dealbata、睡莲固碳能力突出，睡莲可有效净化富营养化水体和土壤，梭鱼草、水竹芋、睡莲和美人蕉对重金属铜、锌、锰、 镍元素积累量较大。优化湿地植物配置可增强湿地碳汇功能，提高湿地对污染的抗性。

Abstract:

In order to grasp the purification capacity and carbon sequestration capacity of different wetland aquatic plants in artificial wetlands, this study sampled and analysed eight species of plants, soil and water quality in the artificial wetland of Shijing Water Treatment Plant in Guangzhou City. The results show that the water quality of the Shijing Water Treatment Plan is excellent, and the soil is rich in nutrients and low in heavy metals. The analysis of the enrichment capacity of plant elements reveals that Nymphaea tetragona, Vallisneria natans, Canna indica, Hydrilla verticillata and Pontederia cordata possess a strong ability to enrich nitrogen; Vallisneria natans, and Nymphaea tetragona have a strong capacity for accumulating phosphorus; Canna indica and Pontederia cordata have a strong ability of enriching potassium. Combining the analyses of single plant scale and unit area scale, Canna indica, Thalia dealbata and Nymphaea tetragona have outstanding carbon sequestration capacity, Nymphaea tetragona can effectively purify eutrophic water bodies and soil. Pontederia cordata, Thalia dealbata, Nymphaea tetragona and Canna indica have a greater accumulation of heavy metals copper , zinc, manganese and nickel. Optimising wetland plant configuration can enhance the carbon sink function of wetlands and improve their resistance to pollution.