半自然退塘还林模式下红树林生态环境特征及其物种多样性动态变化分析

Analysis of Ecological Environment Characteristics and Species Diversity Dynamic Changes of Restored Mangroves under the Semi-natural Pond-to-mangrove Model

摘要:

红树林是地球上生物多样性最丰富和生产力最高的生态系统之一，是抵御台风、海啸和风暴潮等灾害的生态屏障，也是众多鱼虾蟹贝、昆虫和鸟类的重要栖息地。以海南省昌江黎族自治县珠碧江河口湿地为研究对象，于 2021 年 5 月至 2023 年 10 月开展生态环境和动植物群体调研。采用Shannon-Wiener 多样性指数、Simpson 多样性指数和 Pielou 均匀度指数进行红树林物种多样性评价，并运用 Canoco 5.0 进行相关性分析。结果表明：1）随着退塘还林年限的增加，水体中硝酸盐氮、活性磷酸盐含量呈下降趋势，半自然退塘还林模式在一定程度上改善了水环境质量；2）在各退塘还林阶段，底栖动物和鱼类多样性均呈现先降后升的趋势，退塘还林区物种多样性和生态系统功能得到了一定的提升；3）水体温度和沉积物 pH 与红树林物种多样性指数呈显著相关，在未来红树林修复过程中需给予更多关注。

Abstract:

Mangroves are one of the most biodiverse and productive ecosystems on Earth, an ecological barrier against disasters such as typhoons, tsunamis and storm surges, and essential habitats Zhubijiang estuary wetland for numerous fish, shrimps, crabs, shellfish, insects and birds. in Changjiang County, Hainan Province, was used as the The study object, and the research on the ecological environment and the flora and fauna communities was carried out from May 2021 to October 2023. Mangrove species diversity was evaluated using the Shannon-Wiener index, Simpson index and Pielou evenness index, and correlation analysis was performed with Canoco 5.0. The results showed that the nitrate nitrogen and active phosphate content in the water body showed a decreasing trend with the increase of the years of pond retreat, and the semi-natural pond retreat mode improved the water environment quality to a certain extent. The diversity of benthic fauna and fish showed a decreasing and then an increasing trend at each pond retreat stage, and the species diversity and ecosystem function of the pond retreat area were improved to a certain extent. The water temperature and sediment pH were significantly correlated with the mangrove species diversity index, and more attention should be paid to the mangrove restoration process in the future.