澳门石墙树类型及发生特征研究

Type and Occurrence Characteristics of Stone Wall Trees in Macao

摘要:

澳门特别行政区现存着中国境内最古老、最完整、最集中的东西方风格共存建筑群，而在古建筑墙体上生长的石墙树，以生命体的样貌展现着澳门的文化底蕴。为更好了解石墙树及其发生特征，对澳门地区内具有重要历史文化记忆场所的石墙树及其附着的构筑物进行调查。结果表明：澳门共有石墙树木 96 株，隶属于 5 科 6 属 16 种，其中桑科榕属Ficus 植物的优势最大；石墙树主要集中在场所类的不动产中。石墙树的类型根据其附着位置以及构筑物类型的不同可分为 5 种（A~E型），经去趋势主成分分析（PCA 聚类分析），可分为 2 大类，D 类型（根系附着墙面、墙根和墙顶）的石墙树因其独特特征与其他类型有所区别而单独分为 1 类。

Abstract:

There are the oldest, most complete and most concentrated Eastern and Western-style coexistence buildings in Macao. The stone wall trees growing on the walls of ancient buildings show the cultural heritage of Macao in the form of life. To better understand the stone wall trees and their occurrence characteristics, a survey was conducted on them and their attached structures with significant historical and cultural memory sites in the Macao region. The results show 96 stone wall trees in Macao, belonging to 5 families, six genera, and 16 species, with Ficus plants having the most significant advantage; Stone wall trees are mainly concentrated in the real estate of the place class. The types of stone wall trees can be divided into five types (A~E type) based on their attachment location and different types of structures. After detrended principal component analysis (PCA cluster analysis), it can be divided into two categories. Type D (root attachment to wall, wall root, and wall top) stone wall trees are separately clas