基于 SEM 与 IPA 的桂林主城区公园绿地适老性研究

Study on the Elder-suitability of Public Parks in Guilin Main Urban Area Based on SEM and IPA

摘要:

城市公园绿地是改善城市生态、为居民提供游憩场所的开放空间。我国老龄化已成为必然趋势，满足多元需求的健康养老是重要社会议题，探索适老性是优化城市公园绿地规划建设的重要方向。以桂林市主城区 5 处公园为例，构建适老性评价指标体系，基于结构方程模型（SEM）测算其不同潜变量与观测变量对适老性影响的权重系数，利用重要性 - 表现程度分析法（IPA）构建诊断坐标模型。结果表明：在老年人对桂林市城市公园绿地的各指标满意度中，可达性和安全性为一般，趣味性、健康性、可选择性和舒适性为满意；桂林市城市公园绿地适老性主要需要改善的是景观小品、方位可知性和方向导向性，次要需要改善的是植物种植、防护设施、铺装设计和夜间照明。基于研究结果，从健康性、可达性、趣味性、可选择性、安全性、舒适性提出桂林市城市公园绿地适老性的优化策略。

Abstract:

Urban public park is an open space that improves urban ecology and provides recreational spaces for residents. As population ageing has become an inevitable trend in China, meeting diverse needs for healthy elderly care becomes an important social issue. Exploring elderly suitability is an important direction for optimizing the planning and construction of urban public parks. Using 5 parks in the main urban area of Guilin City as examples, a fitness evaluation index system is constructed in the research. Based on the structural equation model (SEM), the weight coefficients of different latent and observational variables on fitness are obtained, and a diagnostic coordinate model is established using importance performance analysis (IPA). The results indicate that the satisfaction of the elderly with the accessibility and safety of urban public parks in Guilin is average, and the Satisfaction level with fun, health, selectivity, and comfort is considered satisfactory. The main observation variables for improving the elderly suitability of urban public parks in Guilin City are landscape sketches, directional visibility, and directional guidance, while the secondary observation variables for improvement are plant planting, protective facilities, pavement design, and nighttime lighting. Based on the research results, optimization strategies for the elderly suitability of UPGS in Guilin City are proposed from the perspective of healthiness, accessibility, interest, selectivity, safety, and comfort.