广州地区耐阴爵床科植物筛选及其园林应用

Screening and Landscape Application of Shade Tolerant Acanthaceae Plants in Guangzhou Area

摘要:

爵床科 Acanthaceae 植物多自然分布于热带、亚热带林下，种类繁多，生活型、生态型多样，且适应性较强、栽培繁殖易、管理粗放，在气候湿热的广州地区的园林造景中具有广阔应用前景。通过对华南国家植物园及广州市代表性公园绿地中的爵床科植物的园林应用进行调查，观察记录不同种间的形态、物候及观赏特征；通过比较不同光照栽培环境下的生长发育表现，筛选出 45种观赏性高、耐阴性强、可广泛应用于广州地区林缘或林下栽培的爵床科植物，并介绍其观赏特征及园林应用形式。最后，结合调查情况，建议通过加强爵床科植物种质资源发掘和利用、增加对耐阴性种质的筛选、丰富园林应用形式、优化养护管理、加大科普宣教力度等措施应对现状问题。

Abstract:

Acanthaceae plants are mostly naturally distributed in tropical and subtropical understories, with a wide variety of species, diverse life types and ecotypes, and they are more adaptable, easy to cultivate and propagate, and rough to manage. so they have broad application prospects in landscaping in Guangzhou area with hot and humid climate. By investigating the landscape application of the Acanthaceae plants in the South China National Botanical Garden and representative parks in Guangzhou, observed and recorded the morphology, phenology, and ornamental characteristics of different species. By comparing the growth and development status under different light cultivation environments, 45 species that are highly ornamental, shade-tolerant, and can be widely used in forest edge or understory cultivation in Guangzhou were screened out and their ornamental characteristics and forms of landscape application were introduced. Finally, combined with the investigation, it is recommended to improve the status quo problems by strengthening the discovery and utilisation of Acanthaceae plant germplasm resources, increasing the screening of shade-tolerant germplasm, enriching the forms of landscpae applications, optimising maintenance management, and increasing the science popularisation and education.