1860-1937 年广州城市空间格局与形态演变分析

Spatial Pattern and Morphological Evolution of Guangzhou City from 1860 to 1937

摘要:

晚清至民国时期是中国历史上的重要转折期，此时期广州的城市规划与建设共同促进了其向现代城市的转型。通过对1860—1937年（第二次鸦片战争至全面抗战前夕）广州城市规划建设的重要事件、历史文献等进行梳理，探讨广州城市格局与形态的演变过程及特征，并从城市组团、道路系统、中心轴线、公共绿地4个方面进行深入阐述。最终得出这一时期广州市城市形态发展变迁规律：在保留了原有城市核心及山水结构的基础上，广州城在拆城墙后逐渐向东、南方向发展，形成了兼具统领性、开放性、高效性的现代城市空间结构，奠定了此后的城市形态与发展格局。

Abstract:

The period from the late Qing Dynasty to the Republic of China was an important turning point in Chinese history, during which the urban planning and construction of Guangzhou jointly promoted its transformation into a modern city. By sorting out the important events and historical documents of Guangzhou's urban planning and construction from 1860 to 1937 (from the Second Opium War to the eve of the Chinese People's War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression), the evolution process and characteristics of Guangzhou's urban pattern and morphology were discussed, and an in-depth explanation was made from four aspects of urban clusters, road system, central axis, and public green space. Finally, the law of urban morphology development and change in Guangzhou during this period was obtained: on the basis of retaining the original urban core and landscape structure, the city gradually developed towards the east and south after the demolition of ramparts, forming a modern urban spatial pattern with dominance, openness, and efficiency, laying the foundation for the future urban morphology and development pattern.