广州市城市公园板根树种地理成分及其景观应用分析

Geographical Elements and Landscape Application of Trees with Plank Buttresses Roots in Guangzhou Urban Parks

摘要:

通过对广州市12个城市公园的板根树种进行实地调查，对其科属组成、地理成分进行统计分析，并对板根树种景观应用的特点进行归纳总结。结果显示，广州公园中应用的板根树种共有65种，隶属26科47属，其中桑科、桃金娘科和苏木科的种类最多；应用频率较高的有榕树Ficus microcarpa、木棉Bombaxceiba、黄葛树Ficus virens、木麻黄Casuarina equisetifolia等；板根树种的科属地理成分组成中，热带成分的科有 18 科，属有38个，分别占总科数和总属数的90%和88.37%，表现出显著的热带性；板根树种以孤植和群植为主，树木板根区域土壤浅薄贫瘠，公园常应用沿阶草Ophiopogon bodinieri、吊竹梅Tradescantia zebrina、花叶冷水花Pilea cadierei等生势强健且耐荫的地被进行覆盖造景。

Abstract:

An investigation of 12 urban parks in Guangzhou is conducted to analyze the species, geographical composition and theapplication features of trees with plank buttresses roots in landscape.The results show that there are totally 65 species, belonging to 26 families and 47 genus, with plenty of species in Moraceae, Myrtaceae,and Caesalpiniaceae. Among them, Ficus microcarpa, Bombax ceiba,Ficus virens, and Casuarina equisetifolia have relatively high application frequency. In terms of geographical elments, there are 18 families and 38 genus belonging to tropical distribution, accounting for 90% of the total families and 88.37% of the total genera, respectively, showing significant tropical characteristics. They are often planted alone as a main ornamental tree or in groups to simulate jungles in parks.The soil around plank buttresses roots is often shallow and barren,thus ground cover plants which are robust and shade-enduring are preferred to be chosen to cover buttresses, such as Ophiopogon bodinieri, Tradescantia zebrina, Pilea cadierei, etc.