广东省乡村古树资源分析及保护对策探讨

Analysis of Rural Ancient Tree Resources and Discussion on Protection Counter Measures in Guangdong Province

摘要:

古树承载着乡愁，是美丽乡村的独特资源。广东省乡村古树资源丰富，数量占全省古树的87.22%。对广东省乡村古树的种类组成和分布特征进行研究分析，结果表明：广东省乡村古树具有数量众多、种类集中、分布不均等特点，共有70 101株，隶属于82科256属517种，各个树种之间的数量分布存在明显差异，排名前4的树种分别是榕树 Ficus microcarpa、荔枝 Litchi chinensis、樟 Cinnamomum camphora和龙眼 Dimocarpuslongan，共占43.54%；乡村古树树龄分布不均，其中三级古树占92.68%，多为荔枝、龙眼等经济树种；各地级市乡村古树的数量分布存在明显差异；在各个地级市中正常株、衰弱株、濒危株的占比存在明显差异；乡村古树权属主要为集体所有，分布特点表现为文化树种和景观树种主要为散生，经济树种主要为群生。大部分古树的管理缺乏有效的保护措施，可以利用新技术和创新古树管理模式来进一步加强古树名木保护工作。

Abstract:

Ancient trees, carried homesickness, are a unique resource of beautiful villages. Guangdong Province is rich in ancient trees in rural areas, accounting for 87.22% of the province’s total.Through the study and analysis of the species composition and distribution characteristics of ancient rural trees in Guangdong Province, the results indicate that there are 70 101 ancient trees in rural areas of Guangdong Province, belonging to 517 species, 256 genera, 82 families, with a large number, concentrated species and uneven distribution. There are signifcant diferences in the number distribution among tree species. The top 4 tree species are Ficus microcarpa, Litchi chinensis, Cinnamomum camphora and Dimocarpus longan, accounting for 43.54% in total. The age distribution of ancient trees in rural areas is uneven, among which 92.68% are grade three ancient trees, most of which are economic trees such as L. chinensis and D. longan. There are obvious differences in the distribution of ancient trees in villages of different prefecture-level cities, and there are significant differences in the proportion of normal strains,weakened strains and endangered strains among prefecture-level cities. The ownership of ancient trees in rural areas is mainly owned by collective. The distribution characteristics of cultural and landscape trees are mainly scattered, and economic trees are mainly clustered.Most of ancient trees lack of effective protection measures, new technology and innovation of ancient tree management mode can be used to further strengthen the protection and management of ancient and famous trees.