广东榕属古树分布及历史文化研究

Relationship between the Distribution of Ancient Banyan Trees in Guangdong and Its History and Culture

摘要:

广东省榕属Ficus古树数量大、种类多，占广东古树总数的29.1%，包括榕树F. microcarpa、雅榕F. concinna等21种。通过分析榕属古树的组成和分布特征，探究影响其保存和保护的历史文化成因。结果表明，在榕属古树中，三级古树占90.2%，粤北地区一级古树数量较多；榕树数量最多，占81.8%。榕属古树在珠三角核心区和粤东、粤西两翼分布密度较大，粤北地区分布密度较小，总体呈现沿海向内陆递减的趋势；村落和寺庙宗祠是集中分布点。榕属古树的分布除了受本属生物学特征和自然地理条件约束，更受到乡村民俗文化、儒释道文化和士大夫文化等文化要素的影响。这些要素既是区域生态文化的体现，也是古树保护与利用的价值所在。传承区域生态文化是保护古树资源的重要途径。

Abstract:

There are a large number of ancient banyan trees in Guangdong Province, accounting for 29.1% of the total ancient trees in Guangdong, including 21 species of Ficus family such as F.microcarpa and F. concinna. This paper analyzes the composition and distribution characteristics of ancient banyan trees, and explores the historical and cultural factors that affect their preservation and protection. The results show that 90.2% of the ancient banyan trees belong to the third class, and the number of the frst class trees is higher in northern Guangdong. The number of F. microcarpa is the largest, accounting for 81.8%. The density of ancient banyan trees in the core area of the Pearl River Delta,eastern Guangdong and western Guangdong is large, while the density in northern Guangdong is small, showing a decreasing trend from coastal area to inland. Villages, temples and ancestral halls are concentrated distribution points. The distribution of banyan trees is mainly restricted by their biological characteristics and natural conditions, while the preservation of ancient banyan trees is more afected by social factors such as folk culture, religious culture and literati culture. These elements are not only the embodiment of regional culture, but also the value of the protection and utilization of ancient banyan trees. Inheriting regional ecological culture is an important way to protect ancient banyan resources.