西汉上林苑4种（亚）热带植物考证

A Textual Study on Four Subtropical Plants of Shanglinyuan in Western Han Dynasty

摘要:

《上林赋》记载了西汉上林苑的植物、动物、建筑、山水和园林活动，是研究汉代皇家园林的重要文献。由于赋体文学反映了西汉好博、尚奇的社会风尚，其所描写内容的真实性有待考证。通过研究西汉时期长安气候条件、社会发展以及其他相关史料典籍，考证《上林赋》中所描写的荔枝Litchi chinensis、椰子Cocos nucifera、槟榔Areca catechu、棕榈Trachycarpus fortunei 4种亚热带植物是否存在于历史上的西汉上林苑中。研究发现，荔枝、槟榔有其他文献记载移植记录，但并没有在上林苑长期生存。椰子由于资料缺乏以及其对环境的要求高，在上林苑移植的概率极小，棕榈由于其适应能力较强，是4种植物中最有可能移植至西汉上林苑的。

Abstract:

Shanglinfu records the plants, animals, architecture,landscape and garden activities of Shanglin Garden in the Western Han Dynasty, and is an important document for the study of imperial gardens of the Han Dynasty.Because fu literature reflects the social fashion of the Western Han Dynasty, the authenticity of the content it describes remains to be verified.By studying the climatic conditions and social development of Chang 'an in the Western Han Dynasty, as well as other relevant historical materials, this paper verifies whether the four subtropical plants described in the Ode on Shanglin Park existed in Shanglin Park in the Western Han Dynasty.It was found that litchi and areca palm had other records of transplanting, but they did not survive for a long time in Shanglin Park.Due to the lack of data and its high requirements on environment, the probability of transplantation in Shanglin Park is very small, while palm is the most likely to be transplanted in Shanglin Park of Western Han Dynasty due to its strong adaptability.It is hoped that this study can broaden the thinking of classical garden research and provide reference for a clearer and more rigorous understanding of imperial gardens in the Western Han Dynasty.