17—19世纪中国植物在英国园林的引种应用研究

Introduction and Application of Chinese Plants in British Gardens from 17th to 19th Centuries

摘要:

中国植物资源广博，植物栽培以及园林应用历史悠久。从17世纪开始，中国植物开始陆续向世界传播，期间对运输保存技术、园林造景方式等都产生较大的影响，以英国园林引种中国植物为例，记述了相关引种栽培历史以及探索了对英国园艺技术的影响。植物的引种栽培促进了英国园林风格的改变，从17世纪早期到18世纪，英国园林中的温室和各式的花坛替代了大面积的草地以及希腊罗马式建筑小品。19世纪后期花境开始在英国园林中风靡，英国园林中草花的应用也成为了植物造景的主流。相较于其他地区引种的植物，中国的植物耐寒性强观赏性高，因此在英国园林中应用频率较高。17—19世纪中国植物在英国园林的发展进程中扮演了重要的角色。

Abstract:

There are extensive plant resources and a long history of plant cultivation and garden application in China. Since the 17th century,Chinese plants began to spread to the world, and the spread of Chinese plants had an impact on the application of plants in overseas gardens.Taking the introduction of Chinese plants in British gardens as an example,it describes the history of the introduction and cultivation of Chinese plants and explores the impact on British horticultural techniques. The introduction of plants changed the style of English gardens from the early 17th to the 18th centuries, when greenhouses and flower beds replaced large areas of grassland and Greco-Roman architectural pieces. In the late 19th century, flower border became popular in British gardens, and the application of grass and flowers in British gardens also became the mainstream of plant landscaping. Compared with plants introduced from other regions, Chinese plants have strong cold resistance and are highly ornamental, so they are frequently used in British gardens. Between the 17th and 19th centuries, Chinese plants played an important role in the development of English gardens.