从中国古典园林“鱼”元素景观演变探究造园理念的变化

Changes of Garden Concept from the Evolution of Fish Element in Chinese Classical Gardens

摘要:

鱼虽然作为园林中次要的动物造景要素，但它具有悠久历史、丰厚文化并促进了造园活动。以“鱼”元素景观为研究对象，通过梳理其在中国古典园林中的演变，将其表现形式划分为“以鱼生产”“以鱼成景”“以鱼装饰”“以鱼写意”四类，并总结了鱼元素景观启蒙、转折、深化、停滞 4 个发展时期的演变特征，进而探究不同时期造园理念的变化及造园理念与鱼元素景观之间互为促进的关系。从园林规划设计的角度对景观形式进行解析，探究不同形式背后所蕴含的造园理念，丰富鱼元素景观研究。

Abstract:

Although fish is a secondary animal landscape element in gardens, it has a long history and rich culture, and it promotes garden activities. This paper takes fish element landscape as the research object,through combing its evolution in classical Chinese gardens, divides its expression forms into four categories of "fish-farming for production", "fish-farming for viewing", "fish as a decoration element" and "expressing spiritual thoughts through fish", and summarizes the evolution characteristics of fish landscape in four development stages: enlightenment, transition,deepening and stagnation. Further, the paper explores the changes of gardening concepts in different periods and the promoting relationship between gardening concepts and fish landscape elements. The paper analyzes the landscape forms from the perspective of landscape planning and design, and explores the gardening concepts behind different forms, so as to enrich the research on fish element landscape.