澳门地被植物资源

Resources of Ground Cover Plants in Macao

摘要:

地被植物是城市园林绿化的重要组成部分。通过野外实地调查和文献查阅，现统计到澳门地被植物共有134科529属1 009种，其中禾本科（61 属 112 种）、菊科（55 属 90 种）和蕨类植物（46 属83 种）所含数量位列前三，草本类、灌木类和藤蔓类占比分别是 72%（731种）、12%（117种）和16%（161种）。澳门的地被植物与广州、深圳、珠海相比，所含科和种的数量接近，物种密度最高。4 个城市均主要应用爵床科、龙舌兰科、百合科、茜草科、天南星科、大戟科、马鞭草科以及蝶形花科等所含地被植物。针对澳门现有地被植物存在乡土植物开发利用程度小、外来物种运用过多、特色不鲜明等问题，提出因地制宜、应景而异、重视利用乡土植物和科学管养等建议。

Abstract:

Ground cover plants are an indispensable part of urban landscaping. Through field research and literature review, 1009 species belonging to 529 genera and 134 families of ground cover plants are recorded in Macao. Among them, the species number of Gramineae (61 genera and 112 species), Compositae (55 genera and 90 species) and Pteridophytes (46 genera and 83 species) ranks among the top three. Herbs, shrubs, and vines account for 72% (731 species), 12% (117 species), and 16% (161 species) respectively. The number of families and species in Macao is close to that in Guangzhou, Shenzhen and Zhuhai, and the species density in Macao is the highest among the four cities. The ground cover plants mainly used in the 4 cities belong to Acanthaceae, Agavaceae, Liliaceae, Rubiaceae, Araceae, Euphorbiaceae, Verbenaceae, and Fabaceae, et al. According to the problems of the existing ground cover plants in Macao, such as the low degree of exploitation and utilization of local plants, excessive use of alien species, and lack of regional features, this article proposes that planting should be adapted to local conditions, and the utilization of local plants and scientific management should be emphasized.