广东三水云东海国家级湿地公园秋冬季鸟类多样性研究

Bird diversity in Yundonghai Wetland Park during Autumn and Winter in Guangdong Province

摘要:

2019年10—12月，采用样线法在广东三水云东海国家级湿地公园开展秋冬季鸟类多样性调查，共记录到鸟类10目28科56种，数量累计 1 875 只。其中雀形目鸟类有 18 科 40 种，占鸟类总数量的83.25%，非雀形目有 10 科 16 种，占鸟类总数量的 16.75%。在居留类型中，鸟类数量从高到低依次为留鸟、冬候鸟、夏候鸟、旅鸟。鸟类多样性指数、均匀度指数和丰富度指数的均值分别为3.70、0.78和3.17。云东海鸟类主要栖息场所为湿地公园内的各种生境，但 67.42% 的鸟类会在稻田生境中栖息和觅食，因此稻田生境的保持利于喜食稻谷鸟类的栖息，当予以保持。适当的人类干扰能促使鸟类多样性，但过度的人类活动则适得其反。因此建议：保护和恢复湿地；保护现存鸟类；减少过度人类活动；保持并适当扩大稻田规模，增加植物多样性；保护鸟类繁殖栖息；加强宣传保护教育；增加园区科研投入等。

Abstract:

From October 2019 to December 2019,the survey about bird diversity in autumn and witerr was carried out in the Donghai National Wetland Park in Sanshui,Guangdong, using the sample line method. A total of 56 species of birds in 10orders and 28 families were recorded.Among them, there were 40 species in 18 families and Passerine,accounting for 83.25% of the total number of all species. The others were 16 species in 10 families, which were accounted for 16.75% of the total number of all species. Among them,the number of resident birds was the largest followed by winter migratory birds, summer migratory birds and the number of migratory birds was the least. According to statistics, the average of Shannon-Wiener index、Pielouindex and Margalef index in autumn and winter were 3.70, 0.78 and 3.17 Guangdong is an important migratory bird transit station and foothold in China. The Yundonghai National Wetland Park is located in Guangdong, so strengthening construction for it well be conducive to the protection of wintering water birds. According to the survey, the main habitat of birds in Yundonghai National Wetland Park is the wetland park habitat, but 67.42% of the birds inhabited and foraged in the rice field habitat.Therefore, the maintenance of the rice field habitat is conducive to the habitat of the rice-loving birds and should be maintained.Appropriate human disturbance can promote bird diversity,but excessive human activities can still cause birds to fly away from their habitat. Therefore, the management recommendations for Yundonghai Wetland Park are: protect and restore wetlands; protect existing birds; reduce excessive human activities; maintain and expand the scale of rice fields to increase plant diversity; protect bird breeding and habitat; strengthen publicity and protection education; increase parks Scientific research investment,etc.