广东南岭国家公园植物多样性及其保护价值

Plant Diversity and Its Conservation Values of Guangdong Nanling National Park

摘要:

拟建广东南岭国家公园位于广东省北部，南岭山脉中段南麓，属亚热带季风气候区。在汇集文献、历史资料 和野外调查的基础上，形成的植物名录显示南岭国家公园有高等植物324 科 1 522 属 5 105 种，其科、属、种数分别 占全国的 67.6%、39.4% 和 14.3%，在全国占有相当重要的地位。南岭国家公园有 38 种国家保护植物，其中 I 级保护 5 种（包括中华水韭 Isoetes sinensis、台东苏铁 Cycas taitungensis、南方红豆杉 Taxus wallichiana var. mairei、伯乐树 Bretschneidera sinensis 和莼菜 Brasenia schreberi），II 级保护 33 种。有 12 种广东省级重点保护植物，占全省全部 20 种的 60.0%。特有植物种类繁多，近年来发表的 20 多个新种多为该公园特有。因气候和地理因素，南岭国家公园具有 丰富且独特的植物多样性，体现出重要的生态价值，保护好这个自然生态系统，对于继承和保存大量基因资源，维护 粤北乃至岭南地区的生态安全至关重要。

Abstract:

The proposed Nanling National Park is located in the northern part of Guangdong Province, in the middle southern of the Nanling Mountains, and is in subtropical monsoon climate zone. On the basis of collecting literature, historical data and supplementary field survey, the result shows that Nanling National Park has 5 105 species of higher plants belonging to 1 522 genus and 324 families, whose family, genus and species account for 67.6%, 39.4% and 14.3% of the country respectively, occupying a very important position in the country. Nanling National Park has 38 species of nationally protected wild plants, of which 5 are Grade I (including the Isoetes sinensis, Cycas taitungensis , Taxus wallichiana var. mairei, Bretschneidera sinensis and Brasenia schreberi), Grade II protection of 33 species. There are 12 species of key protection plants in Guangdong Province, accounting for 60.0% of the total 20 species in Guangdong. Endemic plants are also quite rich, in recent years published more than 20 new species are almost endemic to the park. Because of climate and geographical factors, Nanling National Park has rich and unique plant diversity, which embodies important ecological value. Protecting this natural ecosystem is very important for inheriting and preserving a large number of genetic resources, and maintaining the ecological security of northern Guangdong and even Lingnan areas.