欧洲国家公园生态保护和环境教育体系及启示

European National Parks’ Ecological Protection and Environmental Education System and Its Enlightenment

摘要:

国家公园的生态保护和环境教育体系的发展变迁是相辅相成的，其蓬勃发展也标志着一个国家的国家公园进入了一个以人为本、人和自然和谐共生的成熟阶段。通过研究欧洲国家公园的发展历程以及生态保护与环境教育体系的构建，并通过举例德国巴伐利亚森林公园在环境教育领域的发展，尤其“国家公园学校”“少年游侠”和“自愿生态年”项目计划，归纳了欧洲国家公园环境教育体系的发展特点，通过构建可持续的生态保护和环境教育体系，提升公民的环境保护意识，使得公民更早地意识到应如何与自然和平相处，达到生态保护的目的。

Abstract:

The development of National Park’s ecological protection and environmental educational system complement each other, and their vigorous development marks that national park has entered a mature stage of people-oriented, harmonious coexistence of human and nature. By studying the development process of European national parks and the construction of ecological protection and environmental educational system, and through the example of the development of Bavaria Forest Park in Germany in the field of environmental education, especially the project plans of “National Park School”, “Junior Ranger ”and “Voluntary ecological year”, this paper summarizes the development characteristics of environmental education system in European national parks. Through the construction of sustainable ecological protection and environmental education system, citizens’ awareness of environmental protection can be enhanced, so that citizens can realize how to get along with nature peacefully and achieve the purpose of ecological protection.